Shekara bayan shekara, masu bincike a Antarctica sun gano kacici-kacici da ba za su iya fayyace su ba da suka ba masana tarihi na al'ada da al'ajabi mamaki. Daga jita-jita dala uku da suka yi kama da dala Giza ga daruruwan abubuwa masu ban mamaki da hotunan tauraron dan adam ke gani, Antarctica ya kasance yanki mafi karancin ziyarta a duniya.
Wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne idan aka yi la'akari da cewa shi ne wuri mafi keɓance daga kowace wayewar ɗan adam kuma an binne shi a ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara aƙalla mil uku, ko kuma kusan kilomita biyar. Ita ce wuri mafi sanyi, mafi tsayi, mafi iska, kuma mafi bushewa a duniya, wanda ke yin aikin tono kayan tarihi da bincike da wahala a zahiri ba tare da kashe miliyoyin daloli ba. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa mun san kadan game da shi.
Antarctica - aljanna na wurare masu zafi
Kadan da muka sani game da shi, a daya bangaren, yana da rudani kamar koyaushe. Bisa ga bayanan burbushin halittu, Antarctica ta kasance aljannar wurare masu zafi miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce, wanda aka rufe da dazuzzuka masu zafi, dazuzzuka, da tafkuna, da tsire-tsire, da kowane nau'in nau'in nau'in.
Wannan ya sa mutane da yawa suka yanke shawarar cewa, a wani lokaci a baya. Antarctica ta kasance gida ga mafi tsufan wayewar duniya, da kuma cewa duk abubuwan ban mamaki da aka yi akwai kawai abubuwan tunawa da wanzuwar sa. Tabbas, masana kimiyya ba za su iya hako kankara mil uku ba kuma su yi bincike sosai, amma hakan yana nufin babu wanda ya san abin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara? A fili babu!
Antarctica da taswirar Piri Reis
A karshen shekara ta 1929, wani masanin tauhidi dan kasar Jamus da ke aiki a birnin Istanbul na kasar Turkiyya, ya gano wani fatun fata na beraye da aka zana taswira a kai. An yi taswirar kuma an sanya hannu a cikin 1513 ta hannun wani babban jami'in Ottoman kuma mai daukar hoto mai suna Ahmed Muhiddin Piri, wanda aka fi sani da Piri Reis.
Hoton taswirar Arewacin Amurka dalla-dalla ya ɗan ban mamaki. Duk da cewa an gano Amurka shekaru 21 da suka gabata, ba a shirya ta da irin wannan haske ba sai daga baya. Sakamakon haka, taswirar Piri Reis ita ce taswirar farko ta Amurka har yanzu tana nan. Taswirar ta hada da tsaunin Andes, wanda Francisco Pizarro ya gano shekaru 14 bayan haka.
Gaskiyar cewa Taswirar Piri Reis ya nuna nahiyar Antarctica, kuma ba wai kawai ya nuna ta kafin a binne ta cikin kankara ba, masana sun ba da mamaki. Ba wanda zai iya bayyana yadda hakan zai yiwu, ganin cewa an sami babban yankin Antarctica a cikin 1820 kuma an riga an rufe shi da kankara.
A bayyane yake, Piri Reis bai ƙirƙiri taswirar gaba ɗaya da kansa ba. Maimakon haka, ya yi amfani da babban ɗakin karatu na Konstantinoful, wanda a yanzu yake hannun Ottoman. A can, ya gano taswirorin gargajiya da yawa daga tsoffin wayewa kamar Masarawa, Girkawa, da Indiyawa, da kuma ƙarin tushe guda shida waɗanda Piri Reis bai so ya bayyana ba. Ba a san inda waɗannan wayewa suka sami iliminsu game da yanayin yanayin Antarctica ba lokacin da ba a rufe shi da kankara ba, da kuma su wanene sauran tushe shida.
Mutane da yawa suna ɗauka cewa waɗannan wayewa sun koyi wannan daga asali mafi nisa. Tushen da abin da zai iya zama farkon wayewar duniya. Wayewar da ta rayu a Antarctica lokacin da babu kankara kuma nahiyar tana da dumi kuma tana raye tare da rayuwa da ciyayi.
Ko da mun ɗauka cewa masu zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa sun tafi tare da bakin tekun Amurka, Afirka, da Antarctica don yin rikodin su, taswirar Piri Reis yakamata ya nuna halayen bakin teku ne kawai. Duk da haka, taswirar tana nuna tsaunuka, koguna, da fasalin ƙasa mai zurfi waɗanda ba za a iya gano su ba tare da bincike mai zurfi ba.
Sai a shekara ta 2004 da 2007 ne aka gudanar da cikakken nazarin sonar radar na Antarctica, inda aka duba yanayin yanayin yankin da ke ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Abin mamaki, duk waɗannan abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin kankara an nuna su a taswirar Piri Reis.
Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa taswirar ta tabbatar da cewa wata tsohuwar al'umma mai hankali ta wanzu miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce kuma ta kwatanta Antarctica, ko kuma cewa baƙon ya ba da wannan bayanin.
Ko yaya lamarin yake, ba za mu taɓa sanin abin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara mai nisan mil uku na Antarctica ba, amma wataƙila ba ma buƙatar bincika ƙarƙashin ƙanƙarar. Idan a maimakon haka muka kalli bakin tekun da ke kusa da bakin teku fa? Menene za mu iya gano a can?
Eltanin Antenna
USNS Eltanin, wani jirgin binciken teku mai ci gaba da fasaha, Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Amurka ta gina shi a cikin 1962. Shi ne jirgin ruwa na farko na geophysical a duniya, kuma an ba shi alhakin binciken Antarctica da ruwan da ke kewaye.
A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, jirgin ya kawo ɗimbin bayanan da ba a san su ba kuma ya ba da haske sosai kan fahimtarmu game da yankin. Akwai, duk da haka, wasu ƴan gabobin da aka gano a zurfin teku.
A ranar 29 ga Agusta, 1964, USNS Eltanin tana daukar hoto a tekun yammacin Cape Horn a zurfin kusan mil 3 lokacin da aka gano daya daga cikin manyan gabobin Antarctica. Abin da suka gano ya ba su mamaki. Sun sami damar daukar hoton wani bakon tsari da ke tsaye a tsakiyar babu inda ke gefen tekun da babu kowa a ciki.
Tsarin yana da tsayi ƙafa 2, mai daidaitacce, kuma yana da nodules, masu magana, da kuma fitowar da suka ƙare a cikin kumburi mai siffar zobe. Ya yi kama da eriya ko wani nau'in watsa sigina.
Masana kimiyya da masu bincike sun yi mamaki lokacin da aka fara buga hotunan a cikin New Zealand Herald a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1964, a cikin labarin mai suna. "Hoton Watsawa Daga Teku Bed."
Labarin ya karanta: “Jirgin ruwa Eltanin na Amurka ya yi tafiya zuwa Auckland tare da wani hoto mai ban mamaki da aka ɗauka a fathoms 2250 mil 1000 yamma da Cape Horn. Hoton, wanda ga wani dan dandali ya nuna wani abu kamar hadadden iskar rediyo da ke fitowa daga cikin laka, kyamarar karkashin ruwa ta dauki hoton a ranar 29 ga Agusta." Shekaru da yawa, abin da ba a sani ba yana sha'awar tattaunawa da muhawara, yana haifar da asirin abin da ake kira. "Eltanin Antenna."
Menene Eltanin Antenna?
Mutane da yawa sun ɗauka cewa wani abu ne da ba a taɓa gani ba daga tsohuwar wayewar da a baya ta mamaye nahiyar Antarctica mara kankara. Suna tsammanin wannan wayewar ta bar kayayyakin tarihi marasa adadi da sauran abubuwan da suka rage a karkashin nisan kilomita 3 na kankara da ke mamaye nahiyar a halin yanzu. Domin bakin tekun da ke kusa da Antarctica ne kawai ƙasan da ba a rufe da ƙanƙara, za mu iya gano shaidar kasancewarsu a wurin.
Wasu kuma sun yi nisa, suna gaskanta cewa wani abu mai ban mamaki wani nau'in fasahar baƙo ne da gangan aka sanya shi a cikin irin wannan wuri mai nisa da kaɗaici don watsa sigina don tuntuɓar ƙasa kuma watakila taswirar duniya.
A cikin 1968, marubuci Brad Steiger ya bayyana a cikin wata kasida ga Mujallar Saga cewa Eltanin ya dauki hoto. "Wani na'ura mai ban mamaki… kamar giciye tsakanin eriyar TV da eriyar telemetry".
Shin Eltanin Antenna soso ne na teku?
Tabbas, masana sun yi ɗokin musanta binciken, inda suka yi watsi da shi a matsayin soso na ƙarƙashin teku. Sun bayyana cewa hoton da aka nuna na Cladorhiza concrescence, soso na ruwa daga cikin Cladorhizidae iyali.
Wannan ra'ayin yana da lahani da yawa. Eriyar da ake kira Eltanin, alal misali, tana da girma sosai kuma tana da takamaiman mala'iku da siffofi, waɗanda ba za a iya bayyana su kan soso na teku waɗanda aka kwatanta da su ba. Wani batu tare da wannan ra'ayi shine cewa Cladorhiza concscence yana rayuwa a cikin mazauna kuma yana haifuwa cikin sauri.
Waɗannan nau'ikan marine suna haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i, tare da ɗan ƙaramin yanki na soso ya karye ya sake komawa ƙasa, yana haifar da kusan kwayoyin halitta kuma a ƙarshe ya zama cikakken mulkin mallaka. Ba a gano wani abu makamancin haka a bakin tekun ba saboda abin ya tsaya shi kadai.
Batu na uku shi ne, an samu hoton Eltanin a zurfin nisan mil 2.5 (kilomita 4). A wannan zurfin, babu hasken rana da zai iya isa bakin teku, wanda ke sa kasancewar soso na ruwa ko shuke-shuke da wuya. Dokta Thomas Hopkins, sanannen masanin halittun ruwa wanda ya kware a binciken plankton, shima yayi watsi da bayanin shuka.
A cikin kalamansa: “Kimiyyarmu har yanzu bai mallaki motocin karkashin ruwa da za su iya gangarowa zuwa irin wannan zurfin ba; don haka, babu wani a duniya, wanda muke sane da shi, da zai iya ajiye na'urar a gefen Cape Horn. "
Abin sha'awa, za mu iya gano wani tsohon petroglyph daga 6000 BC a cikin Sego Canyon na Utah, wanda ke wakiltar wani abu mai kama da eriyar Eltanin. Wannan yana nufin cewa eriya ta kasance a Duniya sama da shekaru 8000? Koyaya, eriya ba shine kawai abu da aka nuna a cikin Sego Canyon petroglyphs.
A can, za mu iya lura da waɗannan abubuwa masu banƙyama waɗanda ba ɗan adam ba. Suna da tsayi da yawa fiye da mutane da dabbobin da ke kewaye da su kuma suna da kawuna masu ban mamaki da ban mamaki. Shin waɗannan halittu ne ke kula da Eriyan Eltanin?
Shin zai yiwu cewa al'adun baƙon suna kallon mu kuma suna tura kayan aiki daban-daban don auna duniyarmu? Idan kuma sun yi, wadanne na’urori ne ke nan, suna nazari da binciken mu?
