A cikin 2015, gungun masana burbushin halittu na Amurka sun gano tarin kayan aikin da aka sassaka a wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi na Pliocene, wanda ke da shekaru sama da miliyan 3.3. Kusan shekaru miliyan 3.3 da suka wuce, wani ya fara tsinkewa a wani dutsen gefen kogi. Wannan guntuwar daga ƙarshe ya canza dutsen zuwa kayan aiki, ƙila ana amfani da shi don shirya nama ko karya goro. Kuma wannan nasarar fasaha ta faru tun kafin mutane su bayyana akan yanayin juyin halitta.
Tun daga farko hominids, Homo habilis, ya zo ɗaruruwan shekaru bayan haka, abin da aka gano shine abin damuwa: Wanene ya kera waɗannan kayan aikin? Binciken ya faru ne a wurin binciken kayan tarihi na Lomekwi 3 na kasar Kenya, kuma masana sun yi imanin cewa yana da yuwuwar canza ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi da kuma tilasta sake rubuta tarihi.
An ƙara wannan binciken a cikin jerin wasu abubuwan gano masu ban mamaki waɗanda bisa ga manyan binciken kayan tarihi ba zai yiwu ba. Daga cikin kayan aikin kusan 150 da aka samu a wurin binciken kayan tarihi sun hada da guduma, magarawa, da duwatsun sassaka da aka yi amfani da su shekaru miliyoyi da suka gabata wajen budewa da fasa goro ko tubers, da sassaka kututtukan bishiyun da suka fado domin samun kwari don ci.
Bisa lafazin labarin da aka buga akan Nature.com, Lomekwi 3 knappers, tare da haɓaka fahimtar kaddarorin rarrabuwar dutse, haɗe da raguwar ainihin tare da ayyukan batter.
Idan aka yi la’akari da abubuwan da taron Lomekwi 3 ke da shi game da ƙirar da ke da nufin haɗa sauye-sauyen muhalli, juyin halittar hominin, da asalin fasaha, mun ba da shawarar sunan 'Lomekwian', wanda ya riga Oldowan da shekaru 700,000 kuma ya zama sabon mafari ga sanannun tarihin archaeological. .
"Wadannan kayan aikin suna ba da haske game da wani lokacin da ba zato ba tsammani kuma ba a san shi ba na halin mutuntaka kuma suna iya gaya mana abubuwa da yawa game da haɓaka fahimi a cikin kakanninmu waɗanda ba za mu iya fahimta daga burbushin halittu kaɗai ba. Binciken da muka yi ya karyata tunanin da aka dade na cewa Homo habilis ne farkon wanda ya kera kayan aiki." In ji Dokta Harmand, jagoran marubucin wata takarda da aka buga a Nature.
"Hikimar al'ada a cikin nazarin juyin halittar ɗan adam tun lokacin da aka ɗauka cewa asalin kayan aikin dutse na da alaƙa da fitowar halittar Homo, kuma wannan ci gaban fasaha yana da alaƙa da sauyin yanayi da yaduwar ciyayi na savannah." In ji Dokta Jason Lewis na jami'ar Stony Brook.
"Tsarin shine cewa zuriyarmu kadai ta dauki matakin fahimi na bugun duwatsu tare don kawar da kaifi mai kaifi kuma wannan shine tushen nasarar juyin halittar mu."
Ya zuwa yanzu, farkon kayan aikin dutse da ke da alaƙa da Homo sun kasance a cikin shekaru miliyan 2.6 kuma sun fito ne daga ajiyar Habasha kusa da burbushin wakilin farko na Homo habilis, wanda ya buƙaci ƙwarewarsu ta musamman ta yin amfani da hannayensu don kera kayan aikin.
Oldowan shine sunan wannan "na farko" masana'antar ɗan adam. Kuma kalmar archaeological "Oldowan" ita ce kayan aikin dutse na farko na masana'antar kayan tarihi a prehistory. Tsohon hominids sun yi amfani da kayan aikin Oldowan a kan yawancin Afirka, Kudancin Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Turai a lokacin ƙananan Paleolithic zamanin, wanda ya kasance daga shekaru miliyan 2.6 da suka wuce zuwa shekaru miliyan 1.7 da suka wuce. Ingantacciyar masana'antar Acheulean ta zo bayan wannan sana'ar fasaha.
Marubucin waɗannan kayan aikin dutse na ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan da aka gano ta hanyar gano su. Da dadewa masana ilimin dan adam sun yi imanin cewa 'yan uwanmu na Homo, layin da ke zuwa kai tsaye Homo sapiens, sune farkon samar da irin waɗannan kayan aikin. Koyaya, a cikin wannan yanayin, masu binciken ba su san wanda ya ƙirƙiri waɗannan tsoffin kayan aikin da gaske ba, waɗanda bai kamata su wanzu ba bisa ga daidaitattun kayan tarihi. Don haka, shin wannan binciken mai ban mamaki ya tabbatar da abin da ake kira? 'tarihin almara' na wasu shahararrun littattafan gaskiya ne?
