Andrew Crosse, masanin kimiyya mai son, ya sanya abin da ba a zata ya faru shekaru 180 da suka gabata: ya halicci rayuwa cikin haɗari. Bai taba fayyace karara cewa kananan halittunsa sun hade ne daga iska ba, amma bai taba iya gane inda suka samo asali ba idan ba daga iska aka samar da su ba.
Crosse ya gaji katafaren gidan Ingilishi na dangin, wanda aka fi sani da Fyne Court, bayan iyayensa sun rasu. Crosse ya maida dakin kiɗan tsohon manor zuwa nasa "lantarki dakin," dakin gwaje-gwaje inda ya gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu yawa tsawon shekaru.
Don binciken wutar lantarki na yanayi, ya gina katafaren na'ura, kuma yana daya daga cikin mutanen farko da suka fara gina manyan tarin wutar lantarki. Amma zai zama ci gaba na gwaje-gwajen da ba su da mahimmanci don yin ma'adanai ta hanyar wucin gadi wanda zai rufe wurinsa na musamman a tarihi.
Matar Andrew Crosse Cornelia ta rubuta a cikin littafin "Abubuwan tunawa, Kimiyya da Adabi, na Andrew Crosse, Mai Wutar Lantarki", wanda aka buga bayan ƴan shekaru bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1857,
“A cikin shekara ta 1837 Mista Crosse yana bin wasu gwaje-gwaje a kan electro-crystalization, kuma a cikin wannan binciken, kwari sun bayyana a cikin yanayi yawanci suna kashe rayukan dabbobi. Mista Crosse bai taba yin wani abin da ya wuce bayyana gaskiyar wadannan bayyanuwa ba, wadanda ba zato ba tsammani daga gare shi, kuma game da wadanda bai taba fitar da wata ka'ida ba."
The "kwari" An samo asali ne a cikin gwaji inda aka diga ruwan cakuɗen ruwa, silicate na potassa, da kuma hydrochloric acid akan dutsen Vesuvius mai raɗaɗi wanda aka ci gaba da samun wutar lantarki ta hanyar wayoyi biyu da ke makale da baturin voltaic. Crosse ne ya rubuta "Manufar gabatar da wannan ruwan zuwa aikin wutar lantarki mai ci gaba da gudana ta hanyar tsoma baki na dutse mai laushi shine don ƙirƙirar idan akwai yuwuwar lu'ulu'u na silica, amma wannan ya gaza."
Hanyar ba ta haifar da sakamakon da Crosse ke fata ba, amma a maimakon haka ya sami wani abin da ba a zata ba. Crosse ya gano kadan, fararen ɓangarorin da ke fitowa daga tsakiyar dutsen da aka kunna a ranar 14th na gwajin.
A ranar 18th Crosse ya lura da girma ya karu, kuma yanzu yana da tsawo "filaments" projecting daga gare su. Ya bayyana nan da nan cewa waɗannan ba ma'adinan roba ba ne Crosse ke ƙoƙarin ƙirƙira, sai dai wani abu da ya saba wa fahimta.
An lura da Crosse, “A rana ta ashirin da shida, waɗannan bayyanuwa sun ɗauki kamannin kwarin kamala, suna tsaye a kan wasu ƴan ƙuƙumi waɗanda suka yi wutsiya. Har zuwa wannan lokacin ba ni da ra'ayi cewa waɗannan bayyanar ba wanin abu ne da aka fara samu ba. A rana ta ashirin da takwas, waɗannan ƙananan halittu sun motsa ƙafafu. Dole ne in ce yanzu ban yi mamaki ba. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, sai suka ware kansu daga dutsen, suka yi ta tafiya da jin daɗi."
Kusan ɗari daga cikin waɗannan kwari masu ban mamaki sun samo asali a kan dutse a cikin 'yan makonni masu zuwa. Lokacin da aka yi nazari a kan na’urar hangen nesa, Andrew Cross ya gano cewa ƙananan na da ƙafafu shida, manyan kuma suna da takwas. Ya kawo hankalin masu binciken halittu, wadanda suka tantance cewa su mites ne na nau'in Acarus. Ana ambaton su 'Acarus Electricus' a cikin tarihin Andrew Crosse, kodayake an fi sanin su da 'Acari Crossii.'
Ya rubuta “Akwai sabanin ra’ayi dangane da ko jinsin da aka sani ne; wasu suna cewa ba haka bane. Ban taba yin ra'ayi kan dalilin haihuwarsu ba, kuma saboda kyakkyawan dalili - na kasa kafa daya."
Mafi saukin bayani, labarinsa na abin da ya faru ya ce, "Shin sun taso ne daga ova da kwari ke shawagi a sararin samaniya kuma suka kyankyashe su ta hanyar lantarki. Duk da haka, ba zan iya tunanin cewa kwai zai iya harba filament ba, ko kuma waɗannan filament ɗin za su iya zama bristles, haka ma ban iya gano, a mafi kusa da binciken, ragowar harsashi ba.
Crosse ya maimaita gwajin nasa sau da yawa, kowane lokaci yana amfani da kayan aiki daban-daban, amma ya fito da sakamako iri ɗaya. Ya yi mamakin ganin kwarin da ke girma inci da yawa a ƙarƙashin saman caustic, ruwan da ke da wutar lantarki a wasu lokuta, amma ana lalata su idan an jefar da su baya bayan sun fito daga ciki.
A wani misali kuma, ya cika na'urar da yanayin sinadarin chlorine. A karkashin waɗannan yanayi, har yanzu ƙwarin sun samo asali kuma sun kasance a cikin akwati sama da shekaru biyu, amma ba su taɓa motsawa ko nuna alamun ƙarfi ba.
“Bayyanonsu na farko wani ɗan ƙaramin fari ne da aka yi a saman jikin da ke da wutar lantarki, wani lokaci a kyakkyawan ƙarshe, wani lokaci a ƙarshen mara kyau, wani lokaci kuma a tsakanin su biyun, ko kuma a tsakiyar wutar lantarki; kuma wani lokacin akan duka,” Crosse ya bayyana.
Wannan takin yana ƙara girma kuma yana girma a tsaye a cikin ƴan kwanaki, kuma yana fitar da filaye masu launin fari waɗanda za a iya gani ta ruwan tabarau mara ƙarfi. Sannan bayyanar rayuwar dabbobi ta zo a karon farko. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wuri mai kyau don kusanci waɗannan filaments, suna raguwa kuma suna rushewa kamar zoophytes akan gansakuka, amma suna sake fadada bayan an cire batu.
Bayan ƴan kwanaki sai waɗannan filayen suka zama ƙafafu da gaɓoɓi, sai ga wani cikakken acarus ya fito, wanda ya keɓe kansa daga wurin da aka haife shi, idan kuma a ƙarƙashin ruwa, ya hau kan wayar da aka kunna, ya kuɓuta daga cikin jirgin, sannan ya ciyar da danshi. ko wajen jirgin, ko a kan takarda, kati, ko wani abu da ke kusa da shi.
A cikin wasiƙar 1849 zuwa ga marubuci Harriett Martineau, Crosse ya lura da yadda kamannin mites ya kasance ga ma'adanai da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar lantarki. "A yawancin su," Ya bayyana, "Musamman ma a cikin samuwar sulfate na lemun tsami, ko sulfate na strontia, farkon sa yana nuna alamar farar fata: don haka yana cikin haihuwar acarus. Wannan ma'adinan ma'adinai yana kara girma kuma yana tsawo a tsaye: haka yake da acarus. Sa'an nan ma'adinan yana fitar da filaments masu launin fari: haka ma acarus speck. Ya zuwa yanzu yana da wuya a gano bambanci tsakanin ma'adinan da aka fara da dabba; amma yayin da waɗannan filaments suka zama mafi tabbata a cikin kowane, a cikin ma'adinan sun zama m, haske, m prisms masu gefe shida; a cikin dabbar, suna da laushi kuma suna da filaments, kuma a ƙarshe an ba su motsi da rayuwa. "
