Mai bincike Jared Diamond a cikin littafinsa Rushe (2005), zaci cewa cire ciyayi da cunkoson beraye ya haifar da yaɗuwar ƙasa mai yawa, ƙarancin albarkatu da abinci, kuma, a ƙarshe, rushewar Ƙungiyar Rapanui ta Tsibirin Easter - hasashen da yawancin manyan masu bincike suka yi imani.
Amma wani sabon bincike kan tarihin tarihin tsibirin Easter (Rapa Nui) wanda ƙungiyar masana kimiyya da masana tarihi na duniya suka gudanar daga gidan tarihin Moesgaard da ke Aarhus, Denmark; Jami'ar Kiel, a Jamus, da Jami'ar Pompeu Fabra ta Barcelona, a Spain, sun gano wani abu a kan hanya. A yankuna daban -daban na tsibirin, sun sami jerin tsoffin kaburbura waɗanda ke riƙe da alamun jan alade a ciki.
Sabbin bayanan da wannan binciken ya gabatar, wanda aka buga a mujallar Da Holocene, yana nuna cewa labarin Rapanui-rushewar zai iya faruwa in ba haka ba. Masu bincike sun ce samar da launin ja mai launin shuɗi ya ci gaba da kasancewa muhimmin al'amari na rayuwar al'adun mazaunan Pascua duk da canje -canje masu mahimmanci a cikin yanayin muhalli da muhalli.
Samar da launi mai ban mamaki
Tsibirin Easter ya shahara a duk duniya musamman ga manyan kamannin mutum-mutumi, moai, wakilcin kakannin mutanen Rapanui. Amma ban da mutum -mutumi, mazaunan Tsibirin Easter suma sun samar da launin ja mai launin ja, wanda ya danganci ja ocher, wanda suka yi amfani da zane -zanen kogo, petroglyphs, moai…
Duk da kasancewar masu wannan alamar sun riga sun san masanan, tushen sa da yuwuwar samar da shi ba a sani ba. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu binciken archaeologists sun tono kuma sun gudanar da binciken kimiyya a wurare huɗu na rami, suna ba da shawarar cewa an samar da manyan aladu a tsibirin.
Ramin da ke cikin Ista suna da wadatattun abubuwa masu ƙyalli na baƙin ƙarfe, hematite da maghemite, ma'adanai waɗanda ke da launin ja mai haske. Nazarin geochemical da aka yi akan microcarbons da phytoliths (ragowar tsiro) yana nuna cewa ma'adanai sun yi zafi, mai yiwuwa don samun launi mai haske. An toshe wasu ramukan, wanda zai nuna cewa an yi amfani da su duka don samarwa da adana waɗannan aladu.
Phytoliths da aka samu a cikin ramin Tsibirin Easter sun fito musamman daga Panicoideae, tsirrai na dangin ciyawa. Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa an yi amfani da waɗannan phytoliths a matsayin wani ɓangare na man da ake amfani da shi don ƙona aladu.
An binne kaburburan da aka yi a tsibirin a tsakanin 1200 zuwa 1650. A Vaipú Este, wurin da aka gano mafi yawan kaburbura, masu bincike sun gano cewa da yawa daga cikinsu suna inda aka samo tushen dabino a baya, haka kuma a Poike, inda wani an sami kabari. Wannan yana nuna cewa samar da alade ya faru bayan tsaftacewa da ƙona tsohuwar ciyawar dabino.
Wannan yana nuna cewa duk da cewa itacen dabino ya ɓace, yawan mutanen da suka riga mu gidan gaskiya na Tsibirin Easter sun ci gaba da samar da aladu, kuma a kan sikeli. Wannan hujja ta bambanta da hasashe na baya cewa share ciyayi ya haifar da rugujewar zamantakewa. Binciken ya ba mu sabbin fahimta game da sassaucin ɗan adam don jimre wa canjin yanayin muhalli.
Kammalawa
A ƙarshe, tambayoyin sun rage, ta yaya mutanen Rapanui suka ƙare daga wannan tsibirin? Me ya sa suka bace kwatsam? Hakanan, akwai tambayoyi da yawa game da asalin su na ainihi, har yanzu ba a sani ba a tsibirin da suka fito. Ta fuskar zamantakewa da al'adu daga dukkan fannoni, sun nuna hankali da fifiko a tarihi, amma bacewarsu kwatsam ba tare da wata alama ba ta kasance babban asiri har zuwa yau. Yanzu, idanunmu na iya ganin wasu manyan zane -zane da zane -zane da wannan babbar al'umma ta bari waɗanda ke burge mu da mamakin mu har yau.
