Gano kwarangwal goma sha biyu a cikin “filin” Inca a cikin Latacunga, a tsakiyar Ecuador, na iya ba da haske kan amfani da hanyoyin rayuwa a cikin lokacin haɗin gwiwar Andean, wanda bincike na ilimi har zuwa yanzu an ciyar da shi kusan kusan ta hanyar tushen tarihi. .
Lokacin da aka fara aiki sun sami tsoffin gawarwakin ɗan adam kuma lokacin da aka kawo ƙungiyar archaeological don aikin ceton, sun gano ƙarin kwarangwal a cikin ƙasa. Amma kasusuwan kasusuwan mutanen da suka rayu kusan shekaru 500 da suka gabata wani ɓangare ne na labarin. Wasu abubuwan ban mamaki guda biyu waɗanda aka samo a cikin tsohuwar makabartar Inca sun ƙirƙiri sabbin wasanin gwada ilimi don masu binciken kayan tarihi na gida don ƙoƙarin warwarewa.
Gano a Mulaló
Ragowar, daga ƙarni biyar da suka gabata, an same su a Mulaló, ɗaya daga cikin Ikklesiyar karkara goma na yankin Latacunga, a tsayin mita 2,900, a cikin aikin ceton kayan tarihi wanda ya fara yayin ginin tankin ruwa don ban ruwa.
"Yana wakiltar babbar gudummawa saboda wannan takamaiman lokacin ɗan ƙaramin aiki ne na kayan tarihi, kawai daga mahangar tarihi," Inji Esteban Acosta, masanin kimiyar kayan tarihi da ke kula da aikin. Lokaci ne na kusan shekaru 100 wanda ya faro daga 1450 zuwa 1540, kuma ya rufe sauyin mulkin mallaka daga Lokacin Inca to mulkin mallaka na Spain.
Abubuwa masu ban mamaki
Masu bincike sun kai wannan ƙarshe dangane da wasu tasoshin yumɓu na al'ada na al'adar Inca, amma a ciki akwai giciye na Kirista da harafin "W". Babu wanda ya san abin da “W” zai iya nufin - suna? wani wuri? ko kuwa kawai siffar ado ce? "Ba a taɓa ganin irin wannan kayan adon a da ba, wanda ke sa mu yi tunanin cewa daga lokacin canjin mulkin mallaka na Spain ne," Acosta ya ce.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, aríbalos, wani irin jug mai doguwar wuya da gindi mai tushe wanda ake amfani da shi wajen hidimar chicha, an sami abin sha na gargajiya. Wasu tasoshin “beaker” daga wancan lokacin suma an same su, ba tare da hannayen riga ba, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don sha, azaman gilashi.
"Ba a ga irin wannan kayan ado ba, wanda ke sa mu yi tunanin cewa daga canjin mulkin mallaka na Spain ne," Acosta ya ce. Yana fatan cewa, bayan binciken dakin gwaje -gwaje, ganowa zai taimaka wajen samun bayanai kan "yadda mutane suka rayu a wancan lokacin", tunda manyan tushen wadannan al'adu tarihi ne ba kayan tarihi ba.
A lardin Cotopaxi, inda aka gano hakan a wani yanki na karkara a zurfin ƙasa da mita, akwai wasu wuraren binciken kayan tarihi, gami da bangon Inca wanda ya haifar da bincike da yawa. Hakanan akwai wasu wayewar kai saboda “kafin Inca, akwai rayuwar panzaleos, ”Ya yi bayani game da al’adar da ta taso daga Quito, a arewa, zuwa Tungurahua, a kudu.
Kotun Inca mai kusurwa huɗu
Tare da ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi na ƙasa don binciken archaeological, a wannan yanayin ya kasance magajin garin Latacunga, Byron Cárdenas, wanda ya ba da fifiko ga tarihi kuma ya ɗauki Acosta don fara aiki mai zurfi.
Binciken farko (na kokon kai da jirgin ruwa) ya faru ne a shekarar 2019 yayin binciken farko, wanda ya haifar da shawarar yin babban aiki kafin a gina tankar ruwan ban ruwa da jama'a suka nema sama da shekaru goma.
"Mun gano kotun Inca mai kusurwa huɗu wacce ta auna mita 13 gabas-yamma da mita 7 arewa-kudu, tarin ƙasa da yumɓu waɗanda sune tushen ginin." Inji mai binciken.
Inca “filayen” tsoffin gine -gine ne (wasu karatun sun yi shekaru dubbai da suka gabata) waɗanda suka zama tushen ginin gidaje da shinge. Ana samun misalan su a duk yankin Andean.
Amma ba kamar yankunan bakin teku ba, a cikin babban yankin Andes an gina su da dutse. A wannan yanayin, Acosta ya bayyana, tubalan sun ɓace tabbas saboda "An tafi da su don gina gidaje kuma kadan daga cikin sansanonin ya rage."
A cikin farfajiyar da aka gano a Mulaló, an gano kwarangwal 12 sun lalace sosai sakamakon tasirin tace ruwa, amma bayan binciken dakin gwaje -gwaje za a yi amfani da su don tantance ko ƙungiya ɗaya ce ko a'a.
"Abin da ke cikin mafi kyawun yanayin shine haƙoran kusan dukkan su," Acosta ya jaddada game da yuwuwar da ke buɗe don nazarin kwayoyin halitta da nazarin halittu.
Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka kammala yayin wannan matakin binciken na farko shine cewa su kwarangwal ne daga lokaci guda, tsakanin shekaru 50 zuwa 100, amma gwajin DNA ne kawai zai iya tabbatar da alakar dangi tsakanin mutanen da aka gano, jinsi da shekarunsu.
Wani abin da ya ja hankali sosai shi ne zobe a ɗaya daga cikin kwarangwal. Acosta ya ce bai da tabbacin abin da aka yi shi, amma haka ne "Ba jan ƙarfe ba ko ƙarfe da aka sani" kuma yana da tabbacin cewa ba a haɗa shi da tsohuwar al'adar Inca ba.
Acosta ya yi imanin cewa ƙarin binciken abubuwan da aka gano zai samar da sabbin shedar archaeological kan yadda rayuwa ta kasance yayin mamayar Mutanen Espanya da sauyin mulkin mallaka a wannan yankin. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda galibin bayanan da ake samu a halin yanzu na sauyin yanayi sun fito ne daga albarkatun tarihi.
