Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa babban ramin baƙar fata yana lulluɓe a tsakiyar kusan kowane taurari a sararin samaniya, tare da tarin miliyoyin ko biliyoyin lokuta na Rana kuma wanda babban ƙarfin ƙarfinsa ke da alhakin haɗa dukkan taurarin tare. Koyaya, zuciyar gungun Abell 2261, wanda ke da kusan shekaru biliyan 2.7 daga Duniya, ya bayyana ya karya ka'idar. A can, ka'idodin ilimin taurari suna nuna cewa yakamata a sami babban dodo tsakanin miliyan 3,000 zuwa 100,000 na hasken rana, kwatankwacin nauyin wasu sanannun sanannun. Duk da haka, gwargwadon yadda masu bincike ke bincike ba kakkautawa, babu yadda za a yi a same shi. Sabbin abubuwan lura tare da NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory da Hubble Space Telescope kawai sun shiga cikin asirin.
Ta amfani da bayanan Chandra da aka samu a 1999 da 2004, masana ilimin taurari sun riga sun bincika tsakiyar Abell don alamun 2,261 na babban ramin baƙar fata. Suna farautar kayan da suka yi zafi yayin da ya fada cikin ramin baƙar fata kuma ya samar da X-ray, amma ba su gano irin wannan tushe ba.
An kore shi bayan hadewa
Yanzu, tare da sabbin abubuwan lura da Chandra da aka samu a cikin 2018, ƙungiyar da Kayhan Gultekin na Jami'ar Michigan ke jagoranta sun gudanar da bincike mai zurfi don ramin baƙar fata a tsakiyar galaxy. Sun kuma yi la'akari da wani madadin bayani, wanda aka fitar da ramin baƙar fata bayan haɗuwar taurarin biyu, kowanne da raminsa, don samar da taurarin da aka lura.
Lokacin da ramukan baki suka haɗu, suna haifar da raƙuman ruwa a cikin sararin samaniya wanda ake kira raƙuman gravitational. Idan da yawan raƙuman ruwa na raƙuman ruwa da irin wannan abin ya haifar sun fi ƙarfi ta wata hanya fiye da wani, ka'idar ta yi hasashen cewa sabon, har ma da babban ramin baƙar fata da an aiko shi da cikakken gudu daga tsakiyar galaxy a kishiyar hanya. Ana kiran wannan ramin baƙar fata.
Masana ilimin taurari ba su sami tabbataccen shaida na ramuwar baƙar fata ba, kuma ba a sani ba ko manyan mata suna kusanci da juna don samar da raƙuman ruwa da haɗewa. Ya zuwa yanzu, sun tabbatar da narkar da ƙananan abubuwa da yawa. Samun babban koma baya zai ƙarfafa masana kimiyya don bincika raƙuman ruwa na gravitational raƙuman ruwa daga haɗe manyan ramukan baƙar fata.
Alamu a kaikaice
Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin wannan na iya faruwa a tsakiyar Abell 2261 da alamu biyu kai tsaye. Na farko, bayanai daga abubuwan gani -da -gani daga Hubble da telescope na Subaru sun bayyana gungun taurarin taurari, yankin tsakiya inda yawan taurari a cikin galaxy ke da mafi girman ƙima, wanda ya fi girma fiye da yadda ake tsammani, ga tauraron girmansa. Alama ta biyu ita ce, yawan taurarin da ke cikin tauraron dan adam ya fi shekaru 2,000 haske daga tsakiya, abin mamaki yana nesa.
Yayin haɗuwa, babban ramin baƙar fata a cikin kowane galaxy yana nutsewa zuwa tsakiyar sabuwar galaxy da aka haɗa. Idan nauyi ya ɗauke su tare kuma kewayar su ta fara raguwa, ana tsammanin ramukan baƙar fata za su yi hulɗa da taurarin da ke kewaye kuma su fitar da su daga tsakiyar taurarin. Wannan zai bayyana babban jigon Abell 2261.
Ƙila taurarin taurarin da ke tsakiyar na iya zama sanadiyyar wani tashin hankali kamar haɗuwar manyan ramukan baƙaƙe guda biyu da kuma raɗaɗɗen rami ɗaya, babba mafi girma.
Babu alama a cikin taurari
Kodayake akwai alamun cewa haɗin ramin baƙar fata ya faru, amma Chandra ko bayanan Hubble ba su nuna shaidar ramin baƙar fata ba. A baya masu binciken sun yi amfani da Hubble don nemo gungun taurari da ramin bakar da ya ragu zai iya sharewa. Sun yi nazarin gungu uku kusa da tsakiyar taurarin kuma sun bincika ko motsin taurari a cikin waɗannan gungu ya yi yawa don bayar da shawarar cewa suna ɗauke da ramin baƙar fata na biliyan 10. Babu wata hujja bayyananniya da aka samu don ramin baƙar fata a cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu kuma taurari a ɗayan sun yi rauni sosai don samar da sakamako mai amfani.
Hakanan a baya sunyi nazarin abubuwan Abell 2261 tare da NSF's Karl G. Jansky Babban Babban Array. Rikicin rediyo da aka gano kusa da tsakiyar tauraron ya nuna cewa aikin babban ramin baƙar fata ya faru a can shekaru miliyan 50 da suka gabata, amma hakan ba ya nuna cewa a halin yanzu cibiyar taurarin tana ɗauke da irin wannan ramin baƙar fata.
Daga nan suka nufi Chandra don nemo kayan da suka yi zafi kuma suka samar da X-ray yayin da ya faɗa cikin ramin baƙar fata. Yayin da bayanan suka nuna cewa gas mafi zafi ba ya cikin tsakiyar galaxy, ba a nuna ko dai a tsakiyar tari ko a cikin kowane rukunin taurarin ba. Marubutan sun kammala cewa ko dai babu ramin baƙar fata a kowane ɗayan waɗannan wuraren, ko kuma yana jan abu a hankali don samar da siginar X-ray mai ganowa.
Asirin wurin wannan babban ramin baƙar fata ya ci gaba. Duk da cewa binciken bai yi nasara ba, amma masana ilmin taurari suna fatan cewa James Webb Space Telescope zai iya bayyana kasancewar sa. Idan Webb ba zai iya samunsa ba, to mafi kyawun bayanin shine cewa ramin baƙar fata ya yi nisa sosai daga tsakiyar tauraron.
