An yi imanin cewa farkon da aka rubuta labarin wani birni na karkashin ruwa shine birnin Atlantis na almara. Wannan labari mai ban sha'awa Plato ne ya fara rubuta shi a shekara ta 360 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, yana kwatanta shi a matsayin wani birni na tsibirin utopian mai lambuna, koguna, da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa waɗanda suka nutse a ƙarƙashin teku bayan yaƙin da aka yi da Athens.
A yau, tekuna da tekunan da suka rufe kashi ɗaya bisa uku na sararin duniya suna ɓoye sirrin marasa adadi a cikin zurfafan su. Miliyoyin tarkacen jirgin da ba a bincika ba da kuma biranen da suka nutse wasu ne kawai daga cikin tsofaffin asirai da ruwaye da kuma wucewar lokaci suka binne. Ta wannan ma'ana, gaɓar tekun Girka sun ga ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi ban mamaki na kwanan nan.
Pavlopetri, birni mafi tsufa a ƙarƙashin ruwa a duniya
A farkon shekarun 1960, an gano ragowar tashar jiragen ruwa na Pavlopetri, wani birni na Girka tun daga zamanin Bronze. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gudanar da bincike da dama don tona asirin da ke boye a karkashin ruwa. Wasu masana sun danganta tsohon birnin Pavlopetri da tarihin almara na Atlantis.
Nicholas Flemming, daga Cibiyar Nazarin Oceanography a Jami'ar Southampton, shi ne ke da alhakin gano ragowar wannan matsuguni a cikin 1962. Yana cikin yankin Peloponnese a kudancin Girka, kusa da wani karamin gari mai suna Pavlopetri. An kiyasta cewa birnin ya shafe kusan shekaru 5,000 a cikin ruwa.
Wani abu mai ban sha'awa game da wannan birni na karkashin ruwa shi ne cewa yana da zurfin 'yan mita, wanda ya sa ya fi sauƙi don yin nazari. An yi imanin shi ne birni mafi tsufa da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin ruwa wanda aka sani zuwa yau. A saboda wannan dalili, da sauri ya zama wani ɓangare na sauran matsugunan ruwa masu ban mamaki, kamar birnin kasar Sin Shi Cheng da kuma jafan da ke da rigima Yonaguni kango karkashin ruwa.
Ƙungiyoyi daban-daban suna ƙoƙarin warware asirin
Kafin Flemming ya sami birnin Pavlopetri, an ce wani masanin ilmin ƙasa mai suna Folkion Negris ya yi nasarar gano birnin a shekara ta 1904. Bayan Flemming ya sake gano wurin, wata ƙungiyar masu binciken kayan tarihi a ƙarƙashin ruwa ta sake duba bincikensa a shekara ta 1968.
Daga baya, a cikin 2009, Jami'ar Nottingham, ƙarƙashin jagorancin John C. Henderson, ta fara aikin shekaru 5 don bincika shafin. Ta sami tallafi daga Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Yawon shakatawa ta Girka, don haka ta samar da Pavlopetri Project for Underwater Archeology.
Nazarin archaeological yana da ban sha'awa kamar yadda suke da rikitarwa, saboda ya haɗa da sake gano tsoffin wurare da abubuwa masu daɗi. Bugu da kari, dole ne a tsara fassarorin da aka yi a wurin a wani yanayi da lokaci daban da namu. Game da Pavlopetri, duk wannan dole ne a yi shi ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Aikin binciken ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi da aka tuhume shi da binciken garin Pavlopetri da ke karkashin ruwa ya yi amfani da kayan aiki da dabaru na zamani. Sun haɗu da ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi tare da robobi da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa da zane-zane na zamani don binciken tekun. Ta wannan hanyar, sun sami damar dawo da rayuwa wani birni da ke shirin ɓacewa saboda rashin kariya.
Pavlopetri shine birni na farko da ya ɓace da aka bincika ta hanyar dijital a cikin 3D ta amfani da fasahar taswirar sonar. Ingancin hotunan da aka samu na musamman ne, yana sake gina birnin zuwa matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba. Daidaitaccen ma'auni uku ya ba wa ƙungiyar damar samun cikakkiyar fahimta game da yadda wurin yake kama da shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata.
Binciken da aka yi a ƙasan teku ya ba da damar gano dubban abubuwa a wurin da ke sauƙaƙe fahimtar yadda rayuwar yau da kullum ta kasance a Pavlopetri tun 3000 BC. Masana sun yi nuni da cewa birnin ya nutse a shekara ta 1100 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, sakamakon girgizar kasa, zaizayar kasa, hawan teku ko ma tsunami.
Kimanin shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata, rayuwa a Pavlopetri tana da babban wayewa kuma birni yana da gine -gine masu ban mamaki. Hanyoyi, gidaje masu hawa biyu, gidajen ibada, makabarta da tsarin sarrafa ruwa mai sarkakiya, da sauran abubuwan ci gaba. Wannan shine kawai wurin nutsewar ruwa wanda ya tsufa sosai wanda za a iya ɗaukar shi ainihin birni da aka tsara.
Dangantakar Pavlopetri da Atlantis
An fara ambaton Atlantis sama da shekaru 2,000 da suka gabata Plato, wanda ya ce wata tsibiri ta nutse dubban shekaru da suka gabata.
"Ta hanyar girgizar ƙasa da ambaliya, a cikin yini ɗaya da dare na bala'i… [duk jinsi]… Duniya ta haɗiye, tsibirin Atlantis… ya ɓace cikin zurfin teku." - Plato
Ganin cewa mafi yawan wuraren da aka ba da shawara ga Atlantis suna cikin ko kusa da Bahar Rum, tsibirai irin su Sardinia, Crete da Santorini, Sicily, Cyprus da Malta, da kuma yadda garin Pavlopetri ya kasance mai wadata, haka kuma shekarun rushewar sa, da yawa kai don tunanin cewa yana da alaƙa da labarin Plato's Atlantis.
